The Molecular Biology Notebook Online
A Beginners' Guide to Molecular Biology

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RNA

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Important nucleic acid, involved in protein synthesis.

View the molecule (mRNA for HIV protein) in Rasmol

View Dr Chromo's lecture on 'RNA'.

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Related Links

This is a search for rna in our database

• A friendly statistics package for microarray analysis: The friendly statistics package for microarray analysis (FSPMA) is a tool that aims to fill the gap between simple to use and powerful analysis. FSPMA is a platform-independent R-package that allows efficient exploration of microarray data without the need for computer programming. (Journal Article)
• AGRIS: AGRIS is the international information system for the agricultural sciences and technology. The system identifies worldwide literature (both conventional and non-conventional; the so-called \\\\
• Alerting service for Taylor and Francis publications: Taylor & Francis has been publishing peer-reviewed journals for two centuries. Starting with the Philosophical Magazine, the company expanded the range of journals into science and engineering. In February 2000, 63 journals from Scandinavian University Press became part of our portfolio.
• Align against Greengenes (16S): Use this tool for aligning your set of 16S rRNA gene sequences using NAST or for finding near-neighbors or both. Each query sequence in your uploaded file will be searched for 16S rRNA gene sequences and aligned according to a Core Set of alignment templates. You can even upload a whole fasta genome and NAST will find, extract, and align the 16S rRNA genes for you. Additionally, Simrank (an N-mer comparison tool) will be used to find nearest-neighbors (non-chimeric) as well as nearest-isolates for each of your sequences from the entire Greengenes database...
• Antibody Resource Page: This site provides the following Antibody information: Educational Resources about Antibodies Online Databanks/Databases Online Journals Online Companies that Sell Antibodies Custom Antibody Suppliers How to Find an Antibody Antibody Gallery Miscellaneous Biotechnology Sites Antibody News
• ASG: Alternative Splicing Gallery: Alternative Splicing Gallery (ASG) is a web-based splicing graph database that integrates transcript information from Ensembl, RefSeq, STACK, TIGR gene index, and UniGene, in order to explore and visualize gene structure and alternative splicing and to provide an exhaustive transcript catalog. The program was developed by Jeremy Leipzig and Dr. Steffen Heber.
• Atlantic Salmon Federation: The Atlantic Salmon Federation is an international non-profit organization which promotes the conservation and wise management of the wild Atlantic salmon and its environment.
• Biological Control Network: Biocontrol Network will be publishing information and marketing alternatives to "conventional" chemical pesticides and fertilizers, by making this information accessible on the World Wide Web.
• BioTechniques: The international journal or life science methods. Also links to discussion forum.
• Central dogma of molecular biology: The dogma is a framework for understanding the transfer of sequenceSequence In mathematics, a sequence is an ordered list of objects . Like a Set , it contains Element , and the number of terms is called the length of the sequence.... informationInformation Information as a Conveyed concept has a diversity of meanings, from everyday usage to technical settings. Generally speaking, the concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control system, data, form, instruction, knowledge, Meaning , stimulation, pattern, perception, and knowledge representation.... between sequential information-carrying biopolymerBiopolymer Biopolymers are a class of polymers produced by living organisms.Starch, proteins and peptides,and DNA and RNA are all examples of biopolymers, in which the monomeric units, respectively, are sugars, amino acids, and nucleotides.... s, in the most common or general case, in living organismOrganism In biology, an organism is any life thing . In at least some form, all organisms are capable of response to stimulus , reproduction, growth and developmental biology, and maintenance of homeostasis as a stable whole.... s.
• Chemdex: Sheffield's ChemdexTM has existed on the WWW since 1993 and exists to maintain an international directory of chemistry on the internet. There are 4050 links in the Chemdex and the Chemdex was last updated 27 July 1999.
• Consortium for International Crop Protection: The Consortium for International Crop Protection (CICP), a non-profit organization, was formed in 1978 by a group of U.S. universities. Its principal purpose was to assist developing nations reduce food crop losses caused by pests while also safe-guarding the environment. CICP's basic goal is to advance economically efficient and environmentally sound protection practices in developing countries and to ensure the health of rural and urban communities. The following are specific objectives of CICP's mission.
• ContraFold: CONTRAfold is a novel secondary structure prediction method based on conditional log-linear models (CLLMs), a flexible class of probabilistic models which generalize upon SCFGs by using discriminative training and feature-rich scoring. By incorporating most of the features found in typical thermodynamic models, CONTRAfold achieves the highest single sequence prediction accuracies to date, outperforming currently available probabilistic and physics-based techniques. Our result thus closes the gap between probabilistic and thermodynamic models, demonstrating that statistical learning procedures provide an effective alternative to empirical measurement of thermodynamic parameters for RNA secondary structure prediction.
• Cytokinesis mafia (the): The Cytokinetic Mafia is designed precisely for people who are passionate about cytokinesis! We are tired of cytokinesis being an afterthought in journal clubs, and of hearing groans every time the word cytokinesis is mentioned. To ensure proper representation of our cause, we have founded the Cytokinetic Mafia. Our group is predominantly a journal club, but we're also much more! Not only is it a great way to meet other people who share your passion for cytokinesis but it also a great way to keep up with the current literature on cytokinesis.
• Data Analysis Software from the BRC: The following software for genetic data analysis were developed and made available by researchers at or affiliated with the Bioinformatics Research Center:
  • Alternative Splicing Gallery (ASG)
  • GDA
  • QTL Cartographer
  • Windows QTL Cartographer
  • Forensic DNA Mixtures
  • Hy-Phy
  • PowerMarker
  • Mixed Models and QTLs
  • Exact Tests
  • Cytonuclear Disequilibria
• DNA makes RNA: Animated outline of DNA transcription to RNA
• DNASTAR: Lasergene: LASERGENE is a well-established, internationally renowned, bioinformatics computing suite for Windows or Macintosh, designed, developed and supported by DNASTAR Incc
• Edinburg Pathway Editor: EPE is a visual editor designed for annotation, visualisation and presentation of wide variety of biological networks, including metabolic, genetic and signal transduction pathways. It based on a metadata driven architecture, which makes it very flexible in drawing, storing, presenting and exporting information related to the network of interest. It allows visual representation to field standards (SBGN), storage and retrieval of annotation such as kinetic and other numerical data in relational databases (local and remote for enterprise development) and links graphical objects to external databases and web resources to show all available information on demand.
• Enzymatic RNA Molecules and the Replication of Chromosome Ends: A cell must orchestrate thousands of chemical reactions in order to live, to grow, and to respond to its environment. These chemical reactions rarely happen spontaneously but are usually catalyzed by macromolecules called enzymes. It was long thought that all enzymes were proteins. More recently we and others have found that RNA can in some cases act as an enzyme.
• Euchromatin Network: Euchromatin is that portion of the genome that is most active in gene transcription within the animal cell nucleus. It is in marked contrast to heterochromatin, which is the least active. And yet, either form of chromatin can be converted to the other, conversion to euchromatin being associated with new gene activation for RNA synthesis, and conversion to heterochromatin being associated with new gene repression for RNA synthesis. // Together with the Euchromatin Network, we are developing forums on all aspects of euchromatin, its composition, activity, control, and significance. We welcome your comments and suggestions in the design of these forums, and your participation in their on-going discussions.
• Genamics: With over 650 software entries, 360 journal speed links, and 100+ genome project links, you can be assured that you can find what you need, and find it quickly.
• Genamics JournalSeek: Genamics JournalSeek is a database of molecular biology, microbiology, biochemistry, and general biology journals which are available (in whole or in part) through the internet. All information is fully searchable by various criteria. The database presently contains more than 360 different titles, and is growing rapidly.
• GeneSpring Extras: Documentation; External Programs and Databases; Genomes; MIAME Compliance; Pathways; Physical Position View; Scripts;
• Genomic Arabidopsis Resource Network (Garnet): GARNet is intended to function as a platform for international Arabidopsis research and for research on other plant species.
• Hovi: ICT training solutions for UK schools: We bring together a range of expertise in education, software development, commercial ICT training and international linkages.
• Human Genome Project: The Human Genome Project (HGP) was one of the great feats of exploration in history - an inward voyage of discovery rather than an outward exploration of the planet or the cosmos; an international research effort to sequence and map all of the genes - together known as the genome - of members of our species, Homo sapiens. Completed in April 2003, the HGP gave us the ability to, for the first time, to read nature\'s complete genetic blueprint for building a human being.
• IMGT - International ImMunoGeneTics Database: IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database, is a high-quality integrated database specialising in Immunoglobulins (Ig), T-cell receptors (TcR) and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules of all vertebrate species. IMGT includes two databases : LIGM-DB, a comprehensive database of Ig and TcR from human and other vertebrates and MHC/HLA-DB (in development). A tool, IMGT/DNAPLOT, will allow Ig, TcR and MHC sequence analysis.
• IMGT, international ImMunoGeneTics database: IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database, is a high-quality integrated database specialising in Immunoglobulins (Ig), T cell receptors (TcR) and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules of all vertebrate species, created in 1989 by Marie-Paule Lefranc (Université Montpellier II, CNRS). IMGT, a European project since 1992, works in close collaboration with EBI.
• Improbizer: Improbizer searches for motifs in DNA or RNA sequences that occur with improbable frequency (to be just chance) using a variation of the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm.
• International Plant Names Index: The International Plant Names Index (IPNI) is a database of the names and associated basic bibliographical details of all seed plants. Its goal is to eliminate the need for repeated reference to primary sources for basic bibliographic information about plant names. The data are freely available and are gradually being standardized and checked. IPNI will be a dynamic resource, depending on direct contributions by all members of the botanical community.
• Journal of Biological Chemistry: On-Line Biological Chemistry journals.
• Journal of Molecular Biology: The Journal of Molecular Biology publishes original scientific research concerning studies of organisms or their components at the molecular level. Published weekly, the journal provides up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of all aspects of molecular biology.
• Learn how to view stereo pairs: Viewing either convergently or divergently becomes easier with practice. Once your mind sees a pair as a single 3D image, it recalls the experience, and resists your efforts less with each try. I can automatically snap a stereo pair -- convergent or divergent -- into superimposition, and I no longer think about exactly what I am doing. Suddenly, there is a vivid, three-dimensional object floating above the screen or page. I've been doing it since 1969 (that's a hint about the source of the first biochemical stereos!), and I've suffered no damage to my vision. It's very handy to be able to use the stereo pairs in Science and other journals without digging up a viewer. Such important tasks as interpreting electron-density maps from x-ray crystallography are practically impossible without this skill.
• mFOLD: The objective of this web server is to provide easy access to RNA and DNA folding and hybridization software to the scientific community at large. By making use of universally available web GUIs (Graphical User Interfaces), the server circumvents the problem of portability of this software. Detailed output, in the form of structure plots with or without reliability information, single strand frequency plots and ‘energy dot plots’, are available for the folding of single sequences.
• Molecular Biology Protocols: Contains information about Buffers, RNA extractions, DNA techniques, Transformations, and Gels
• NASC: nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Center: The Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC) provides seed and information resources to the International Arabidopsis Genome Programme and the wider research community.
• Natural Resources Institute (The): The Natural Resources Institute of the University of Greenwich is an internationally recognised centre of expertise in research and consultancy in the environment and natural resources sector. The Institute carries out research and development on behalf of international donor agencies. Most of NRI's work provides support to development assistance programmes and contributes to environmentally sound management of physical and biological resources ('natural capital') for use by future generations.
• Nature: Selected from over 3000 business and professional magazines as the most successful international magazine of 1998!
• ORf finder: This tool identifies all open reading frames using the standard or alternative genetic codes. The deduced amino acid sequence can be saved in various formats and searched against the sequence database using the WWW BLAST server.
• Paper on FreeTree - tree computation program: It was originally intended for the analysis of results of DNA fingerprinting methods (RFLP, RAPD, AP-PCR) or other methods which provide binary character data (presence/absence of the characters). For such data the program computes the distance matrix, constructs the phylogenetic or phenetic tree and computes bootstrapping or jackknifing values for internal branches of the tree.
• PEDOMETRICS (PM) : Pedometrics is the Commission 1.5 in Division 1 of the International Union of Soil Sciences. Here you can find more information about PM, whom to contact and what is going on in the world of PM.
• Pesticide Action Network North America (PANNA): Pesticide Action Network North America (PANNA) has campaigned to replace pesticides with ecologically sound alternatives since 1982. Our strategy is to link over 130 affiliated health, consumer, labor, environment, progressive agriculture and public interest groups in Canada, Mexico and the U.S. with more than 400 partners worldwide to promote healthier, more effective pest management through education, media, demonstrations of alternatives and international advocacy campaigns.
• POLAND: Thermal denaturation: The Poland server will calculate the thermal denaturation profile of double-stranded RNA, DNA or RNA/DNA-hybrids based on sequence input and parameter settings in this form.
• Prediction of proteinhydrolytic sites: The NetPicoRNA World Wide Web server produces neural network predictions of cleavage sites of picornaviral proteases
• Protein Explorer: Protein Explorer is free software for visualizing the three-dimensional structures of protein, DNA, and RNA macromolecules, and their interactions and binding of ligands, inhibitors, and drugs. It is arguably the easiest-to-use software of its kind.
• Protein Information Resource: The Protein Information Resource (PIR), maintains the PIR-International Protein Sequence Database --- a comprehensive, annotated, and non-redundant set of protein sequence databases in which entries are classified into family groups and alignments of each group are available.
• PubMed: he PubMed search system provides access to the PubMed database of bibliographic information, which is drawn primarily from MEDLINE and PREMEDLINE. In addition, for participating journals that are indexed selectively for MEDLINE, PubMed includes all articles from that journal, not just those that are included in MEDLINE. Finally, PubMed also provides access to the molecular biology databases included in NCBI's Entrez retrieval system. It is expected that access to additional National Library of Medicine databases will be added in the future.
• Review of BioEdit - 1 (BITS - 2005): This package is quick and easy-to-use for editing sequences and plasmid drawing. However it is limited when it comes to sequence analysis, with much fewer tools than GCG. It can accept a wide range of file formats and with the additional accessory applications such as ClustalW, it is particularly useful for performing multiple sequence alignments and editing them. It can be customised by adding external applications and by adding www tools.
• Ribosomal Database Project: The Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) provides ribosome related data services to the scientific community, including online data analysis, rRNA derived phylogenetic trees, and aligned and annotated rRNA sequences
• RNAstructure: RNAstructure is a Windows program for the prediction and analysis of RNA secondary structure. It works with Windows ME, Windows NT 4, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Vista. (Note that with Windows Vista, you will need to install the older Windows help reader by following the instructions provided by Microsoft to use the online help. We are working to change this.) Version 4.6 includes a secondary structure prediction algorithm, a sequence editor, an integrated drawing tool, the OligoWalk program, OligoScreen, Dynalign, and a partition function calculator. RNAstructure uses the most current thermodynamic parameters from the Turner lab.
• Rothamsted Research: Over its 160 year history, Rothamsted Research has built an enviable international reputation as a centre of excellence for science in support of sustainable land management and its environmental impact. Its scientific research ranges from studies of genetics, biochemistry, cell biology and soil processes to investigations at the ecosystem and landscape scale.
• Satchmo: Simultaneous Alignment and Tree Construction using Hidden Markov mOdels. SATCHMO simultaneously constructs a tree and a set of multiple sequence alignments, one for each internal node of the tree.
• Science Week: A journal devoted to the improvement of communication between the scientific disciplines, and between scientists, science educators, and science policy-makers.
• Short Courses at Cranfield University: We share our expertise through our popular MSc course and occasional short courses. All of our courses are overseen by an external advisory group with members drawn from industry and academia.
• SIGMA: The entire Sigma catalog on line. Search by name, number, chemical structure and any key word. All Biochemicals for any type of laboratory work. All types of PCR reagents (Taq, JumpStart Taq, RedTaq, AccuTaq, dNTPs, custom oligos etc) Sequencing reagents (gels, plates, clean-up kits) DNA and RNA purification kits (plasmid, genomic, etc) Recombinant protein expression (Trasnfection reagents, vectors, media, competent cells, purification supports, western blotting reagents etc) Cell culture reagents (media, fetal bovine serum) Cell signaling reagents (antibodies, reagents, kits)
  
  Package inserts on-line. MSDS info on-line. Orders taken on-line - handled by your local Sigma-Aldrich office. Pricing on-line in most national currencies. Technical Services ("Ask a Scientist") on-line
• Society of Nematologists (The): The Society of Nematologists is an international organization formed to advance the science of nematology in both its fundamental and economic aspects. To serve this purpose, the Society of Nematologists acts as an agency for the exchange of information, holds regular meetings, and promotes and extends knowledge in all phases of nematology. The society operates on a nonprofit basis exclusively for the accomplishment of these educational and scientific goals.
• Spanish Omelette: analogy to fundamental dogma: The following is a good way to show the relationships among cell, nucleus, genes, chromosome, ribosome, replication, mitosis, transcription, translation, DNA, RNA, amino acids and proteins, genotype, phenotype, and genetic vs. environmental causes of cell defects.
• The 1989 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: This yearŽs Nobel Prize in chemistry has been awarded to Sidney Altman, USA and Thomas Cech, USA for their discovery that RNA (ribonucleic acid) in living cells is not only a molecule of heredity but also can function as a biocatalyst.
• The Discovery of the Molecular Structure of DNA - The Double Helix: The work of many scientists paved the way for the exploration of DNA. Way back in 1868, almost a century before the Nobel Prize was awarded to Watson, Crick and Wilkins, a young Swiss physician named Friedrich Miescher, isolated something no one had ever seen before from the nuclei of cells. He called the compound nuclein. This is today called nucleic acid, the NA in DNA (deoxyribo-nucleic-acid) and RNA (ribo-nucleic-acid).
• The scientist: Our Web site brings you the latest issue of The Scientist, The News Journal for the Life Scientist, and our complete archive free of charge. Please register to use the site and enjoy unlimited access.
• Virus databases on-line: The directory of ICTVdB is Index Virum, a list of approved virus names linked to virus descriptions coded from information in Virus Taxonomy: The Sixth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Murphy et al. (eds) Springer (1995), and includes updates subsequently approved by ICTV. It also incorporates the plant virus database VIDEdB and is illustrated with EM pictures, diagrams and images of symptoms contributed by virologists around the world.
• VSN International: VSN International Ltd is a new force in statistics software and services. Our mission is to research, develop and market statistical products and services of the highest quality internationally, through our own operations and in collaboration with carefully selected strategic partners.
• Weed Research Home Page: Weed Research (print ISSN 0043-1737, online ISSN 1365-3180) is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes topical and innovative papers on weed science, in the English language. It is the official journal of the European Weed Research Society.
• WhETS: Tool to get best estimate of wheat transcript sequence by combining Triticeae ESTs/mRNAs with rice genes.

rna on Wikipedia

rna at Answers. com

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Copyright Rothamsted Research 1999- 2010
Web technical : Nathalie Castells-Brooke

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