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| Many pesticides need to be translocated within plants to reach their target site. Movement can be from root to shoot via the xylem, or from leaves via the phloem with the photosynthates to growing points such as roots and apices. Though many herbicides move via phloem, there is a lack of other classes of pesticide that have this potentially useful property which is generally conferred by an acidic function. |
Collecting phloem sap from an incision in the stem of a castor bean plant.
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| Using castor bean Ricinus communis as the model plant system, this has been studied with several series of compounds spanning ranges of properties. Identifying how translocation patterns are determined by the physicochemical properties of a pesticide may aid the development of more sophisticated pesticides and also the understanding of chemical signalling within plants. |
Systemicity in plants of non-ionised and acidic pesticides as determined by pKa and lipophilicity
References:
BROMILOW, R.H., CHAMBERLAIN, K. & EVANS, A.A. (1990) Physicochemical aspects of phloem translocation of herbicides. Weed Science, 38, 305-314.
BROMILOW, R.H. & CHAMBERLAIN, K. (1991) Pathways and mechanisms of transport of herbicides in plants. In `Target Sites for Herbicide Action'. Ed. R.C. Kirkwood, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 245-284.
BROMILOW, R.H. & CHAMBERLAIN, K. (1995) Principles governing uptake and transport of chemicals. In `Plant Contamination. Modeling and Simulation of Organic Chemical Processes'. Eds. S. Trapp & J.C. Mc Farlane, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, pp. 37-68.
INOUE, J., CHAMBERLAIN, K. & BROMILOW, R.H. (1998) Physicochemical factors affecting the uptake by roots and translocation to shoots of amine bases in barley Pesticide Science, 54, 8-21.
CHAMBERLAIN, K., PATEL, S. & BROMILOW, R.H. (1998) Uptake by roots and translocation to shoots of two morpholine fungicides in barley. Pesticide Science, 54, 1-7.