Principal Investigator

Project Leader

Member

Principal Investigator

  Exploiting the wheat genome to optimise water use in Mediterranean ecosystems - TRITIMED

Water is a major determinant of yield for farming wheat in the Mediterranean basin. Wheat (mostly durum) is one of the most widely cultivated crops mainly grown under rainfed conditions often characterized by relatively low and uncertain rainfall. The projected change in global climate towards even drier conditions in the Mediterranean basin will further compound this problem. Durum wheat farming faces continuous fluctuations in production and bread wheat is imported, to a relatively large extent, in many countries. Therefore, there is an urgent economic need to improve the water use and water use efficiency (WUE) in wheat production. This project aims to identify crop traits and genetic ideotypes, in wheat, that impart higher and more stable yield under Mediterranean drought conditions. This shall be realised by using an integrated approach combing genomics, quantitative genetics and crop physiology. We shall evaluate a range of different genotypes of durum and bread wheat for WUE, integrative morpho-physiological traits, yield and quality under Mediterranean field conditions ranging in water availability. We shall select best durum and bread wheat lines evaluated under field conditions for integration into breeding programmes. We shall detect quantitative traits loci (QTLs) from a durum mapping population grown under Mediterranean field conditions and new molecular markers. We will design and build a new custom wheat chip for the study of gene expression in select genotypes evaluated under field conditions in the Mediterranean. We shall develop the experience and knowledge of young scientists from West Asia and North Africa (WANA) countries in the latest molecular and physiological techniques.

  Improvement of Marama Bean an under-utilised grain and tuber producing legume for Southern Africa

Marama bean, Tylosema esculentum, is a is a southern African wild perennial legume producing grain of high protein and oil content, and large tubers, which when young, have high protein and carbohydrate content. The seeds and young tubers are nutritious for people; grazing animals also eat the foliage. It is widely distributed around the Kalahari desert, on sandy soils in dry areas with very limited average seasonal rainfall. Marama has been a major food source of people of the region and is still widely consumed, but it is not cultivated. Seed is gathered from the wild, so the plant is at risk of over-exploitation. The aims are to develop an understanding of the biology of marama bean and to progress its use in subsistence farming in sub-Saharan agriculture. Work is being done by IACR in collaboration with University of Cape Town, University of Namibia, Agricultural College of Botswana, University of Athens. IACR objectives are 1) to describe the photosynthetic characteristics, and the impact of N-supply on them, in relation to light, CO₂ and temperature. 2) analyse composition of leaves and relate to photosynthetic characteristics describe the growth of the plant 3) analyse composition of seed and tubers 4) Collaborate with other partners in assessing the potential of marama as a crop.

Project Leader

  An integrated approach to increasing water use efficiency and drought tolerance in wheat production in the UK

This project investigates the G x E x M interaction (Genotype x Environment x Management) in the determination of crop yield under drought. The project illustrates the impact of novel crop management options and genetics on the efficient use of water in agriculture and the yield of cereals under UK conditions. These management options include:
1. The precise scheduling of irrigation to avoid the impacts of soil physical stresses (dry, hard soil),
2. The deployment of naturally occurring soil-borne bacteria that can influence plant growth and development by minimizing both chemical and hydraulic limitations on plant growth,
3. The use of new genotypes with deep rooting patterns to maximize resource (water, nutrients) capture from the soil.

The impact of these management options and new genotypes on the environmental footprint of agriculture will also be assessed.

  Biosynthesis, function and manipulation of branched chain compounds related to CA1P

2-Carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate (CA1P) limits photosynthetic CO₂ assimilation at low light. The pathway for CA1P biosynthesis from newly assimilated carbon uses the Calvin cycle intermediate fructose 1,6 bisphosphate (FBP), which is converted to hamamelose bisphosphate (HBP), dephosphorylated to hamamelose (H), oxidised to 2-carboxyarabinitol (CA) and then phosphorylated to CA1P. This was confirmed by means of pulse chase experiments and analysis of plants with increased amounts of FBP. We have identified, sequenced and cloned the cDNA encoding CA1P-phosphatase. Analysis of transgenic potato plants expressing the gene for chloroplastic FBP phosphatase in the antisense orientation revealed not only more fructose bisphosphate but also more HBP, H, CA and CA1P than their wild-type counterparts. In some cases the hamamelose and CA were as abundant as sucrose. Elements of this pathway are ubiquitous among plant species - significant amounts of H and CA have been detected in wheat and maize that do not synthesise sufficient CA1P to have a significant effect on Rubisco catalytic activity. One intriguing aspect arising from this work relates to the fate of the significant amounts of H and CA in plants in which it is not used for CA1P synthesis. CA1P biosynthetic pathway represents the only known source of all related branch chain compounds (such as H and CA). If these compounds were unnecessary, then such partitioning would decrease the efficiency of photoassimilation. Conversely, since hamamelose is ubiquitous amongst higher plants it probably has an indispensable role in plants.

Key objectives are to:
1) Express CA1P phosphatase domains in vitro and test for catalytic activity, manipulate amounts of CA1P phosphatase in vivo
2) identify genes responsive to hamamelose and examine the expression patterns of these genes
3) identify knockout lines
4) determine the extent to which the branched chain compounds are involved in signalling C and N supply and partitioning.

  Carbon assimilation for biomass

There is an urgent need to develop perennial second generation bioenergy crops that have both a high yield and resource use efficiency. Since crop biomass is an expression of the net photosynthesis of plants over time, optimising carbon assimilation and partitioning by plants is central to improving existing crops and developing new sources of bioenergy, which will contribute towards achieving a carbon-neutral planet. This project seeks to establish the extent of variation in photosynthetic capacity, photosynthetic rate and carbon partitioning in diverse germplasm of energy grasses and trees and the extent to which this contributes to yield and composition. The research will integrate fundamental biochemistry, physiology and molecular biology within the agronomic context. The project also seeks to identify genetic markers related to increased growth rate and aboveground carbon allocation.

  Improving the yield stability of durum wheat under Mediterranean conditions OPTIWHEAT

This project seeks to use a powerful systems-biology approach combining genomics, crop physiology and agronomy to generate Durum wheat cultivars that have higher and more stable yields under Mediterranean drought conditions. The central thrust of the project is to both identify existing variation in Durum wheat germplasm and to generate novel genetic variation for the stability of yield under drought stress (SYDS) in Durum wheat. The project will generate a novel mutant population and use these lines to establish TILLING for the first time in Durum wheat. This population will be used for forward and reverse genetic approaches to identify lines with enhanced SYDS and to understand how the structure and expression of specific genes contribute to the variation of yield trait components under Mediterranean conditions.
The major objectives are:
1. Generate novel variation in a Durum wheat by random chemical mutagenesis and TILLING technology
2. Determine the novel variation for integrative morpho-physiological traits, yield and quality within the TILLING population under mediterranean conditions
3. Identify lines with superior yield characteristics within this TILLING population
4. Select best performing wheat lines to further evaluate SYDS, WUE and NUE
5. Identify characteristic patterns of gene expression associated with yield stability under water stress
6. Identify TILLING lines representing a gene specific allelic series of mutations, including knockouts, for candidate genes of importance to WUE
7. Select best Durum lines evaluated under field and controlled environment conditions for integration into breeding programmes.
8. Screen for variation of candidate genes in germplasm panels-
9. Train young scientists from OPTIWHEAT partners
10. Organize a final workshop to identify obstacles that prevent the transfer of latest technology and strategies to overcome such obstacles

  Integrated approaches to sustain and improve plant production under drought stress: Interdrought-II

The main goal of INTERDROUGHT-II is to explore the possibilities of science and technology applications to crop improvement and crop management under drought-prone farming by linking progress made at the molecular level to that at the whole plant and crop levels in the field. The major activity is an international conference entitled INTERDROUGHT-II to take place on September 2005 in Rome Italy. This conference will provide recommendations on the most effective approaches to achieve better crop productivity under drought conditions as well as the research needed to move forward in this direction. This meeting is especially concerned with the poorer developing countries that confront an increasing problem of food production with less water and under drought-prone conditions. This meeting will strive to address such problems with an appropriate participation of experts and students from such countries.

  MARISCO - Improving arable production systems by expressing marine algal rubisco in crop plants

The enzyme Rubisco is the primary catalyst for the assimilation of atmospheric CO₂ into the biosphere. Rubisco is present in terresrial plants and micro organisms, but also in numerous marine and fresh-water organisms, and is estimated to be the most abundant protein on earth. Besides catalysing the carbon fixation reaction, Rubisco also catalyses a competing reaction, the biodegradative oxidation of its sugar substrate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. The competition of CO₂ and O₂ in the active site of Rubisco compromises the efficiency of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and decreasing the yield of major crops by up to 50%. Because of the significance of Rubisco to carbon assimilation and crop yield in agriculture, there is considerable interest in investigations that aim at reducing the oxygenase activity. The enzyme has been the subject of intense analyses, including structural, mechanistic, and mutagenesis studies. However, despite the vast amount of data available on Rubisco, the molecular basis for CO₂/O₂ discrimination is not fully understood. The proposal seeks to exploit and incorporate the results on Rubisco that have been gathered to date, and builds on long experience among the partners. The overall objectives of the project are: 1) The genetic, kinetic, phylogenetic and structural mapping of carbon assimilating enzymes from marine organisms/plankton from north Atlantic/arctic as well as south pacific waters; 2) The identification of key structural elements that confer high specificity to Rubisco enzymes; 3) The expression of marine algal Rubisco genes in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; 4) Mutagenesis of Rubisco using this system with the aim 5) to improve catalysis; 6) Transformation of chloroplasts of tobacco and a major crop plant such as wheat or potato with the gene(s) of Rubisco from marine organisms with high CO₂ selectivity and 7) To install a network of European laboratories specialised in Rubisco research.

  OPTIMISE

At the moment despite several initiatives there is still a gap between the research scientists and politicians and agronomists. Given that the recent advances in molecular and genetic research have added substantially to our understanding of basic biological processes that may lead to novel technologies it is vital to improve communication between research scientists and endusers (policy makers and politicians for policy determination - agronomists for sustainable production).
The aim of the present initiative is to bridge the gap between cutting edge research scientists working in molecular, genetic and physiological and environmental research and the end users of their science. As importantly this bridge will ensure that research scientists are fully aware of the needs of the end users. OPTIMISE will specifically target contact with and between the EU and the following Mediterranean Partner Countries: Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine Authority, Syria, Tunisia and Turkey

  Optimising water use in wheat

Water is a major determinant of world-wide crop yield. In the UK yield losses due to drought, in wheat, the most widely grown UK crop, average 1-2 t ha-1 and cost approximately £60M per year. The predicted changes in climate patterns are projected to increase the losses (e.g. in the south and east of the UK, a 1-2 oC increase in mean summer temperatures and decrease summer rainfall as a result of global climate change). Drought tolerance is highly complex trait made up from a number of usually multigenic component traits. By integrating genetics, genomics, crop physiology, biochemistry and biomathematics and agronomy we aim to both understand and deconvolute the drought response, identify the component traits important in attaining high stable yield under drought, identify QTLs and the candidate genes. We will investigate natural variation in germplasm (mapping populations and accessions) for water use efficiency, integrative morpho-physiological traits and yield. We will establish the genotype X environment interactions under drought exploiting a large qtl datasets representing more than 30 environments.
Metabolic signalling networks and regulation of metabolism control responses and adaptation to drought (metabolism,growth, and physiology). Whilst the identities of some signalling elements are known the identities of the sensors and overall cross talk between pathways is less clear. Variation in the key genes involved in primary metabolism and metabolic signalling will be determined by wide germplasm screening and expression studies. The function of candidate genes will be established by transformation or TILLING. We will develop new conceptual models to describe physiological, molecular and biochemical response of genotypes to progressive drought.

Member

  Arabidopsis GCN2-related protein kinase, a putative component of a general amino acid response signalling pathway

GCN2 is a yeast protein kinase that induces a general response to amino acid starvation involving changes in expression of many genes. We have cloned an arabidopsis GCN2 homologue, AtGCN2, that complements the gcn2 mutation. Functional analyses of the AtGCN2 protein will be performed and the target site on its likely substrate, eIF-2?, will be identified. AtGCN2/eIF-2? interactions will be studied and other interacting proteins will be identified. Transgenic arabidopsis plants with sense/RNAi AtGCN2 constructs will be produced and the expression of genes and levels of metabolites in these and controls in response to nitrogen supply and inhibitors will be determined by northern, RT-PCR and transcriptome analysis and metabolite profiling.

  Enhancing wheat field performance and response to abiotic stress with novel growth-regulatory allelles

The "Green Revolution" dwarfing (Rht) alleles that increase wheat yields under high input conditions are orthologues of the Arabidopsis GAI gene and encode mutant DELLA proteins. DELLAs are repressors of plant growth that are degraded in the presence of gibberellin (GA) whereas the gai/Rht mutants are insensitive to GA. Most UK wheat varieties carry the semi-dwarfing Rht2 (Rht-D1b) allele but variation in height between genotypes suggests that other loci play a role in determining stature. We aim to identify these loci through co-localisation of quantitative stature traits identified in UK wheat germplasm with genes in the GA-DELLA pathway. Based on functional analyses in vitro and performance in the field alleles will be identified for use in wheat breeding.
Aims:
1. Identify genetic loci responsible for variation in wheat stem height in elite UK cultivars through co-localisation of genes encoding components of GA biosynthesis and signalling with height QTLs. Identify allelic sequence variation in GA-DELLA genes within this material. Develop intragenic, allele-specific markers for these loci and validate by crossing into elite germplasm.
2. Assess the utility of known alternative dwarfing alleles by introgression into modern, high-yielding backgrounds.
2. Assess the performance and stress tolerance of the introgressed alleles under controlled environment and field conditions for a range of characters including germination rate, seedling vigour, plant stature, straw strength, tillering, grain number and individual grain weights.

  Genetic and agronomic approaches to reducing acrylamide formation in foods derived from potato and cereals

Acrylamide is a genotoxic carcinogen and neurotoxin that is formed by a reaction between asparagine and sugars during high temperature processing of foods derived from potato and cereals. The aim of this project is to use genetic and agronomic methods to manipulate the levels of asparagine, amino acids in general, the ratio of asparagine to other amino acids and sugars in potato tubers and cereal grain. Acrylamide formation in the different tuber and grain material on heating will be analysed.
Specific objectives:
i. To show that reduced asparagine and sugar levels in tubers and grain will lead to reduced acrylamide formation during processing and to develop target levels that will enable the reduction of acrylamide while not compromising flavour and colour.
ii. To identify markers and strategies for plant breeders, biotechnologists and producers to help achieve the Food Standards Agency’s goal of reducing acrylamide levels in foods.
iii. To determine whether farmers should be advised to apply sulphur-containing fertilizer to potato and cereal crops to reduce the accumulation of free asparagine.

The Food Standards Agency has identified reducing acrylamide levels as an important goal. In this project, genetic and agronomic methods will be used to alter the levels and ratios of asparagine, other amino acids and sugars. A unique set of potato plants with greatly increased or reduced asparagine levels has already been produced by manipulating a metabolic regulator, SnRK1. Other genetic targets are GCN2, a regulator of amino acid synthesis, and asparaginase. The agronomic part of the project will investigate the effects of soil sulphur levels on the composition of tuber and grain material from potato, wheat and rye and the consequences that this has for acrylamide formation. Sulphur deprivation has been linked with increased asparagine levels in cereal grain. Detailed genetic and biochemical analyses of the different plant material will be performed.

  Metabolic signalling and the partitioning of resources in plants

We seek to dissect the mechanisms involved in carbon metabolite and amino acid sensing and signalling and their role in the control of resource partitioning between and within leaves, seeds and tubers.

A major target for research is a homologue of the yeast protein kinase, sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1). The plant protein kinase has been given the name SnRK1 (SNF1-Related Kinase-1).

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), sucrose phosphate synthase and nitrate reductase act as substrates for SnRK1 in vitro. SnRK1 is also involved in the redox regulation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.

SnRK1 also regulates the expression of genes, including those encoding sucrose synthase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, alpha-amylase and sucrose phosphate synthase.

Manipulation of SnRK1 gene expression has significant effects on plant development e.g. expression of antisense SnRK1 in barley causes abnormal pollen development and male sterility. Reduced SnRK1 gene expression and activity also inhibits sprouting in potato.

SnRK1-interacting proteins include SnIP1 (SnRK1-interacting protein-1) (which has some similarity with the yeast regulatory protein, SNF4) a small heat shock protein and a transcription factor of the Apetela2/ethylene-responsive element binding protein family.

A potential application of this work is to uncouple biosynthetic pathways from SnRK1 control. Tobacco plants have been produced containing HMG-CoA reductases lacking a SnRK1 target site. They show an increase in seed sterols and effects on flower phenotype.

Another focus for study is the plant homologue of GCN2 (general control nonderepressible 2), a yeast protein kinase fundamental to general amino acid control. We have cloned and characterised the arabidopsis GCN2 homologue, AtGCN2.

We are also investigating the role of cell cycle regulation in controlling plant development, particularly cross-talk between metabolic and cell cycle signalling.

Includes studentship.

  Optimising nutrient use in cereals

Nitrogen (N) is a major input determining productivity, with considerable financial and environmental costs. N is required for canopy formation for efficient carbon capture, thus determining yield. N use efficiency (NUE) (yield/available N) is the product of N uptake efficiency (N taken up/N available) and N utilization efficiency (yield/N taken up). Component traits will be de-convoluted and component genes identified, exploiting variation in alleles and expression profiles in modern wheat cultivars. Roles of nitrate transporters in the roots in controlling uptake processes will be determined: cellular nitrate pools will be measured and compared in soil grown roots of selected cultivars; nitrate influx will be measured on roots growing in soil; the wasteful loss of nitrate from root cells through the efflux pathways will be assessed; key nitrate transporters involved in sensing N availability and uptake will be characterised. Traits associated with NUtE (N and carbon assimilation and partitioning) will be de-convoluted, mapped and data made available for modelling studies. N is utilised for canopy production/photosynthesis which subsequently determines yield and this same N is utilised for grain formation, obviating the need for further uptake. Timing of senescence is critical to extend the photosynthetically active period and to maximise N transfer to the grain. We will investigate variation in associated parameters (canopy architecture, photosynthetic capacity, N storage and remobilisation) screening germplasm, functional staygreen mutants and transgenic lines. Key genes, both those involved in the pathways themselves or in the control of the pathways (transcription factors, signalling pathways) which underpin NUE traits will be identified using mapping approaches and transcriptomics. Cell-specific gene expression of glutamine synthetase and other candidate genes will be examined.

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 1.         Reynolds M, Foulkes J, Furbank R, Griffiths S, King J., Murchie E, Parry MAJ , Slafer G (2012) Achieving yield gains in wheat. Plant Cell & Environment. In Press

2.         Whalley WR, Dodd IC, Watts CM, Webster CP, Phillips AL, Andralojc PJ, White RP, Davies WJ, Parry MAJ (2012) Laboratory wax layer root screen data is not related to the yield of field grown wheat. Plant & Soil. In Press

3.         Semenov M, Mitchell RAC, Whitmore AP, Hawkesford MJ, Parry MAJ, Shewry PR (2012) Shortcomings in wheat yield predictions Nature Climate Change doi: 10.1038/nclimate1511

4.         Pedro A, Savin R, Parry MAJ, Slafer GA (2012) Selection for high grain number per unit stem length through four generations from mutants in a durum wheat population to increase yields of individual plants and crops. Field Crops Research. 129 59–70

5.         Chen L, Huang L, Min D, Phillips A, Wang S, Madgwick PJ, Parry MAJ, Hu Y_G (2012) Development and characterization of a new TILLING population of common bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L). PlosOne 7 e41570

6.         Parry MAJ, Wang J Araus J-L (2012) Technologies, tools and approaches for improving crop breeding. Journal of Integrative. Plant Biology 2012 54210-214

7.         Parry MAJ, Hawkesford MJ (2012)  An integrated approach to crop genetic improvement.  Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 54, 250–259

8.         Andralojc PJ, Madgwick PJ, Keys AJ, Loveland JE, Jackson PJ, Willis AC, Gutteridge S, Parry MAJ (2012) 2-Carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate (CA1P) phosphatase – evidence for a wider role in plant Rubisco regulation. Biochemical Journal 442, 733-742

9.         Sharkey TD, Ducruet J-M, Parry MAJ (2012) A synopsis about the biochemistry and photochemistry of terrestrial photosynthesis. In Ecophysiology of Photosynthesis Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 9-19

10.        Parry MAJ, Andralojc PJ , Galmes J, Foyer CH, Sharkey T ( 2012) Biochemical & Molecular Techniques for the study of photosynthetic processes. In Ecophysiology of Photosynthesis Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 186-205

11.        Carvalho J, Madgwick PJ, Powers SJ Keys AJ, Lea PJ, Parry MAJ (2011) An engineered pathway for glyoxylate metabolism in tobacco plants aimed to avoid the release of ammonia in photorespiration. BMC Biotechnology, 21;11: 111

12.        Coello P, Hirano E, Hey SJ, Mattucumaru N, Martinez-Barajas E, Parry MAJ, Halford NG (2011) Evidence that abscisic acid promotes degradation of SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK)1 in wheat and activation of a putative calcium-dependent SnRK2 Journal of Experimental Botany. doi: 10.1093/jxb/err320

13.        Dodd IC, Whalley WR, Ober ES, Parry MAJ (2011) Genetic and management approaches to boost UK wheat yields by ameliorating water deficits Journal of Experimental Botany 62, 5241-5248

14.        Parry MAJ, Jing H-C (2011) Bioenergy Plants: Hopes, concerns and prospects.  Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 53, 94–95

15.        Reynolds M, Bonnett D, Chapman S, Furbank R, Manes Y, Mather D, Parry MAJ (2011) Raising Yield Potential of Wheat: (I) Overview of a consortium approach and breeding strategies. Journal of Experimental Botany 62, 439-452

16.        Parry MAJ, Reynolds M, Salvucci ME, Raines C, Andralojc PJ, Zhu X-G, Price GD, Condon AG, Furbank R. (2011) Raising Yield Potential of Wheat: (II) Increasing photosynthetic capacity and efficiency. Journal of Experimental Botany   62 453-468

17.        Parry MAJ, Hawkesford MJ (2010) Genetic approaches to reduce greenhouse gas emissions: increasing carbon capture and decreasing environmental impact. In: Climate Change and Crop Production (ed. M.P. Reynolds) CAB International. pp 139-150

18.        Parry MAJ, Hawkesford M. (2010) Food security: increasing yield and improving resource use efficiency. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 69, 1–9

19.        Carmo-Silva AE, Keys AJ  Andralojc PJ, Powers SJ, Arrabaca MC, Parry MAJ (2010) Rubisco activities: properties and regulation in three different C4 grasses under drought. Journal of Experimental Botany 61, 2355-2366; doi: 10.1093/jxb/erq071

20.        Curtis TY, Powers SJ, Balgaannis D, Elmore, JS, Mottram DS, Parry MAJ, Rakszegi M, Bedoe, Z, Shewry PR, Halford, NG. (2010) Free amino acids and sugars in Rye grain: implications for acrylamide formation. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 58, 1959-1969

21.        Parry MAJ, Lea PJ. (2009) Food security and drought. Annals of Applied Biology 155, 299-300.

22.        Shewry PR, Zhao F-J, Gowa G, Hawkins ND, Ward JL, Beale MH, Halford NG, Parry MAJ, Abecassis. J. (2009) Sulphur nutrition differentially affects the distribution of asparagine in wheat grain. Journal of Cereal Science. 50 407-409.

23.        Portis AR, Parry MAJ (2009) Rubisco In Encyclopaedia of Life Sciences Wiley  DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0001293.pub2

25.        Parry MAJ, Madgwick PJ, Bayon C, Tearall K, Hernandez-Lopez A, Baudo M, Rakszegi M, Hamada W, Al-Yassin A, Ouabbou H, Labhilili M, Phillips AL (2009) Mutation discovery for crop improvement Journal of Experimental Botany 60, 2817-2825 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp189

26.        Carmo-Silva AE, Keys AJ, Beale MH, Ward JL, Baker JM, Hawkins N, Arrabaça MC, Parry MAJ (2009) Metabolite profiling reveals an unusual, drought-inducible, amino acid in the leaves of two C4 grasses. Phytochemistry 70, 664-671.

27.        Curtis TY, Muttucumaru, N; Shewry PR, Parry MAJ, Powers SJ, Elmore JS, Mottram DS, Hook S, Halford NG (2009) Effects of genotype and environment on free amino acid levels in wheat grain: implications for acrylamide formation during processing. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 57, 1013-1021.

28.        Reynolds M, Foulkes MJ, Slafer G, Berry P, Parry MAJ, Snape JW, Angus WJ (2009) Raising yield potential in wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany 60, 1899-18918.

29.        Lea PJ, Parry MAJ (2008) Improving Water Use Efficiency. Annals of Applied Biology 153, 281-282.

30.        Zhang YH, Andralojc PJ, Hey SJ, Primavesi LF, Specht M, Koehler J, Parry MAJ, Halford NG (2008) Arabidopsis SNF1-related protein kinase-1 and calcium-dependent protein kinase phosphorylate conserved target sites in ABA response element binding proteins. Annals of Applied Biology 153, 401-409.

31.        Carmo-Silva, da Silva AB, Keys AJ, Parry MAJ, Arrabaca MC (2008) The activities of PEP carboxylase and the C-4 acid decarboxylases are little changed by drought stress in three C-4 grasses of different subtypes. Photosynthesis Research 97, 223-233.

32.        Zhang YH; Wang YF; Kanyuka K, Parry MAJ, Powers SJ, Halford NG. (2008). GCN2-dependent phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2 alpha in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany 59, 3131-3141.

33.        Muttucumaru, N; Elmore, JS; Curtis, T, Mottram DS, Parry MAJ Halford NG (2008) Reducing acrylamide precursors in raw materials derived from wheat and potato. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 56, 6167-6172.

34.        Carmo-Silva, AE; Powers, SJ; Keys, AJ, Arrabaca MC, Parry MAJ (2008) Photorespiration in C-4 grasses remains slow under drought conditions. Plant Cell Environment 31, 925-940.

35.        Parry MAJ, Keys AJ, Madgwick PJ, Carmo-Silva AE Andralojc PJ (2008) Rubisco regulation: a role for inhibitors. Journal of Experimental Botany 59, 1569-1580.

36.        Bernard SM, Moller ALB, Dionisio G, Jahn TP, Baudo M, Lopes MS, Tercé-Laforgue T, Foyer CH, Parry MAJ, Forde BG, Araus JL, Hirel B, Schjoerring JK, Habash DZ (2008) Gene espression and function of glutamine synthetase isozymes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Plant Molecular Biology 67, 89-105.

37.        Portis AR, Parry MAJ (2007) Discoveries in Rubisco (Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase): a historical perspective. Photosynthesis Research 94, 121-143.

38.        Parry MAJ, Reynolds MP (2007) Improving resource use efficiency. Annals of Applied Biology. 150, 1–26.

39.        Tuberosa R, Giuliani S, Parry MAJ, Araus JL (2007) Improving water use efficiency in Mediterranean agriculture: what limits the adoption of new technologies. Annals of Applied Biology 150, 157-162.

40.        Halford NG, Muttucumaru N, Curtis TY, Parry MAJ (2007) Genetic and agronomic approaches to decreasing acrylamide precursors in crop plants. Food Additives & Contaminants 24, 26-36.

41.        Araus J, Blum A, Nguyen HT, Parry MAJ, Tuberosa, R. (2007) Integrated approaches to sustain and improve plant production under drought stress. Journal of Experimental Botany 58 IV-IV

42.        Parry MAJ, Madgwick PJ Carvahlo JFC, Andralojc PJ (2007) Prospects for increasing photosynthesis by overcoming the limitations of Rubisco. Journal of Agricultural Science 145, 31-43.

43.        Elmore JS, Mottram DS, Muttucumaru N, Dodson AT, Parry MAJ, Halford NG (2007) Changes in free amino acids and sugars in potatoes due to sulfate fertilization and the effect on acrylamide formation. Journal of Agriculture & Food Science 55, 5363-5366.

44.        Lea PJ, Sodek L, Parry MAJ, Shewry PR, Halford NG (2007) Asparagine in Plants Annals of Applied Biology. 150, 1–26.

45.        Muttucumaru N, Halford NG, Elmore S, Dodson AT, Parry MAJ, Shewry PR, Mottram DS (2006) The formation of high levels of acrylamide during the processing of flour derived from sulfate-deprived wheat. Journal of agriculture & Food Science 54, 8951-8955.

46.        Haslam RP, Keys AJ, Andralojc PJ, Madgwick PJ, Andersson A, Grimsrud A, Eilertsen HC, Parry MAJ (2006) Specificity of Diatom Rubisco. In Plant Responses to Air Pollution and Global Changes (Eds K Omasa, I Nouchi & LJ De Kok) Springer-Verlag Tokyo, pp 157-164.

47.        Mitchell RAC, Keys AJ, Madgwick PJ, Parry MAJ, Lawlor DW (2006) Adaptation of photosynthesis in Marama Bean Tylosema esculentum to high temperature, high radiation, drought-prone environment. Plant Physiology & Biochemistry 43, 969-976.

48.        Parry MAJ, Flexas J, Medrano H (2005) Prospects for crop production under drought. Annals of Applied Biology 147, 211-278.

49.        Galmes J, Flexas J, Keys AJ, Cifre J, Mitchell RAC, Madgwick PJ, Haslam RP, Medrano H, Parry MAJ (2005) Rubisco specificity factor tends to be larger in plant species from drier habitats and with persistent leaves. Plant Cell & Environment 28, 571-579.

50.        Downie AL, Miyazaki S, Bohnert HJ, Coleman JOD, Parry MAJ, Haslam RP (2004) Expression profiling of the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to methanol stimulation. Phytochemistry 65, 2305–2316.

51.        Parry MAJ, Habash D, Araus JL (2004) Optimisation of water use by plants. Annals of Applied Biology 144, 125-126.

52.        Parry MAJ, Galmes J, Flexas J, Keys AJ, Haslam R, Madgwick PJ, Haslam RP, Medrano H (2004) Environmental and ecological aspects of CO₂ assimilation. In Plant Responses to Air Pollution and Global Changes, IIM 2-11.

53.        Lea PJ, Parry MAJ, Medrano H (2004) Improving resistance to drought and salinity in plants Annals of Applied Biology 144, 249-250.

54.        Halsam RP Downie AL, Ravetton M, Gallardo K, Job D, Pallet KE, John P, Parry MAJ, Coleman JOD (2003) The assessment of enriched apoplastic extracts using proteomic approaches. Annals of Applied Biology 143, 81-91.

55.        Parry MAJ, Andralojc PJ, Mitchell RAC, Madgwick PJ, Keys AJ (2003) Manipulation of Rubisco: Its Amount, Activity, Function and Regulation. Journal of Experimental Botany 54, 1321-1333.

56.        Carvalho JFC, Parry MAJ, Madgwick PJ, Keys AJ, Beale M, Ward JL, Lea PJ (2003) Can photorespiratory amino acid metabolism be short-circuited? Amino Acid 25, 169.

57.        Foyer CH, Parry MAJ, Noctor G (2003) Markers and signals associated with nitrogen assimilation in higher plants. Journal of Experimental Botany 54, 585-593.

58.        van Heerden PDR, Krüger GHJ, Loveland JE, Parry MAJ, Foyer CH (2003) Dark chilling imposes metabolic restrictions on photosynthesis in soybean. Plant Cell & Environment  26, 323-337.

59.        Parry MAJ, Carvalho J, Madgwick PJ, Keys AJ, Beale M, Ward J, Lea PJ (2003) Short circuiting photorespiration. Plant Biology 379.

60.        Andralojc PJ, Keys AJ, Parry MAJ (2003) Investigating the occurrence, metabolism and significance of CA1P and branch chain precursors of CA1P. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology 134, S154.

61.        Andralojc PJ, Keys AJ, Kossman J, Parry MAJ (2002) Elucidating the biosynthesis of 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate through reduced expression of chloroplastic fructose 1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase and radio tracer studies using ¹⁴CO₂. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99, 4742-4747.

62.        Parry MAJ, Andralojc PJ, Madgwick PJ, Khan S, Lea PJ, Medrano H, Keys AJ (2002) Rubisco activity: effects of water stress. Annals of Botany. 89, 833-839.

63.        Hobson PD, Keys AJ, Parry MAJ, Lea PJ (2002) Regulation of Rubisco during drought and heat stress in wheat. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology  132 A, P10.8

64.        Griffiths H, Parry MAJ (2002) Plant responses to water stress. Annals of Botany 89, 801-802.

65.        Madgwick PJ, Colliver SP, Banks FM, Habash DZ, Parry MAJ, Paul MJ (2002) Genetic manipulation of Rubisco; Chromatium vinosum rbcL is expressed in Nicotiana tabacum but does not form a functional protein. Annals of Applied Biology 140, 13-20.

66.        Bota J, Flexas J, Keys AJ, Loveland J, Parry MAJ, Medrano H (2002) Discrepancies between estimates of the CO₂/O₂ specificity factor of grapevine ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase derived from measurements made in vitro and in vivo. Vitis 41, 163-168.

67.        Kumar PA, Parry MAJ, Mitchell RAC, Ahmad A, Abrol YP (2002) Photosynthesis and nitrogen-use efficiency. In Advances in Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic nitrogen assimilation and associated carbon metabolism (eds CH Foyer and G Noctor) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 23-34.

68.        Parry MAJ, Madgwick PJ, Keys AJ, Andralojc PJ (2002) Manipulation of Rubisco. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology A  132, 3-23.

69.        Milligan AS, Daly A, Parry MAJ, Lazzeri PA, Jepson I (2001) The expression of a maize glutathione S-transferase gene in transgenic wheat confers herbicide tolerance, both in planta and in vitro. Molecular Breeding 7, 301-315.

70.        Pastori GM, Wilkinson MD, Steele SH, Sparks CA, Jones HD, Parry MAJ (2001) Age-dependent transformation frequency in elite wheat varieties. Journal of Experimental Botany 52, 857-864.

71.        Sparks CA, Castleden CK, West J, Habash DZ, Madgwick PJ, Paul MJ, Noctor G, Harrison J, Wu R, Wilkinson M, Quick P, Parry MAJ, Foyer CH, Miflin BJ (2001) Potential for manipulating carbon metabolism in wheat. Annals of applied Biology 138, 33-45.

72.        Hobson PD, Salgueiro S, Steele S, Pastori G, Madgwick P, Parry MAJ, Kreuzaler F, Rademacher T, Leegood R, Lea PJ (2001) Genetic manipulation of photosynthetic CO₂ assimilation in wheat Rubisco regulation: and effects of water stress. Journal of Experimental Botany 52, 47.

73.        Parry MAJ, Keys AJ, Khan S, Loveland J Andralojc PJ, Lea PJ (2001) Rubisco regulation: and effects of water stress. Journal of Experimental Botany 52, 24.

74.        Parry MAJ, Foyer CH, Forde BJ (2000) Molecular physiology: engineering crops for hostile environments. Journal of Experimental Botany 51, 1-146.

75.        Salgueiro S, Pignocchi C, Parry MAJ (2000) Intron-mediated gusA expression in tritordeum and wheat using particle bombardment. Plant Molecular Biology 42, 615-622.

76.        Mitchell RAC, Theobald JC, Parry MAJ, Lawlor DW (2000) Is there scope for improving balance between RuBP-regeneration and carboxylation capacities in wheat at elevated CO₂. Journal of Experimental Botany 51, 391-398.

77.        Andralojc PJ, Keys AJ, Parry MAJ (2000) The Rubisco inhibitor, 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate, and related compounds accumulate in leaves with reduced chloroplastic FBPase activity. Journal of Experimental Botany 51, 62.

78.        Khan S, Andraloj PJ, Lea PJ, Parry MAJ (1999) 2'-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate (CA1P) protects ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase against proteolytic breakdown. European journal of biochemistry 266, 840-847.

79.        De La Vina G, Paul MJ, Parry MAJ, Lawlor DW (1999) Effects of CO₂ and sugars on photosynthesis and composition of avocado leaves grown in vitro. Plant physiology & Biochemistry 37, 1-9.

80.        Banks FM, Driscoll SP, Parry MAJ, Lawlor DW, Knight JS, Gray JC, Paul MJ (1999) Decrease in phosphoribulokinase activity by antisense RNA in transgenic tobacco. Relationship between photosynthesis, growth, and allocation at different nitrogen levels. Plant Physiology 119, 1125-1136.

81.        Parry MAJ, Andralojc PJ, Lowe HM, Keys AJ (1999) The localisation of 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate and inhibition of Rubisco in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. FEBS Letters 444, 106-110.

82.        Parry MAJ, Loveland J, Andralojc PJ (1999) Regulation of Rubisco. In Plant Carbohydrate Biochemistry (eds J Bryant, M Burrel & N Kruger) BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd, Oxford, pp 127-145.

83.        Parry MAJ, Keys AJ, Bainbridge G, Colliver SP, Andralojc PJ, Paul MJ, Banks FM, Madgwick PJ (1999) Rubisco: attempts to reform a promiscuous enzyme. In Regulation of Primary Metabolic Pathways in Plants (eds N Kruger, SA Hill & GR Ratcliffe) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 1-16.

84.        Bainbridge G, Andralojc PJ, Madgwick PJ, Pitts JE, Parry MAJ (1998) Effect of mutation of lysine-128 of the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Anacystis nidulans. Biochemical Journal, 336, 387-393.

85.        Theobald JC, Mitchell RAC, Parry MAJ, Lawlor DW (1998) Estimating the excess investment in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in leaves of spring wheat crown under elevated CO₂. Plant physiology 118, 945-955.

86.        Andralojc PJ, Keys AJ, Adam AL, Parry MAJ (1998) Separation of the branch chain hexose, hamamelose, by high-performance liquid chromatography, and amperometric detection of hamamelose and related compounds. Journal of chromatography  814,105-110.

87.        Madgwick PJ, Parmar S, Parry MAJ (1998) Effect of mutations of residue 340 in the large subunit polypeptide of Rubisco from Anacystis nidulans. European journal of biochemistry 253, 476-479.

88.        Parry MAJ, Colliver SP, Madgwick PJ, Paul MJ (1998) Manipulation of Photosynthesis, In Production of Recombinant Proteins in Plants, (eds C Cunningham & A Porter) Humana, Totawa, pp 229-250.

89.        Ryan J, Andralojc PJ, Willis A, Gutteridge S, Parry MAJ (1998) Cloning and sequencing of a Phaseolus vulgaris cDNA (accession number AF041068) encoding Rubisco activase (PGR98-044). Plant Physiology 116, 1192.

90.        Medrano H, Parry MAJ, Socias X, Lawlor DW (1997) Long term water stress inactivates Rubisco in subterranean clover. Annals of Applied Biology 131, 491-501.

91.        Parry MAJ, Andralojc PJ, Parmar S, Keys AJ, Habash D, Paul MJ, Alred R, Quick WP, Jervaites JC (1997) Regulation of Rubisco by inhibitors in the light. Plant Cell Environment  20, 528-534.

92.        Martindale W, Parry MAJ, Andralojc PJ, Keys AJ (1997) Synthesis of 21-carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphate in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L): A search for precursors. Journal of Experimental Botany 48, 9-14.

93.        Paul MJ, Parry MAJ, Driscoll SP, Mitchell VJ, Lawlor DW, Stitt M, Barnes SA, Knight JS, Gray JC (1997) Enhanced daytime starch turnover provides carbon for sucrose synthesis in transgenic tobacco with low triose phosphate translocator activity. Phytochemical Society, Regulation of Primary Metabolic Pathways in Plants.

94.        Habash DZ, Parry MAJ, Parmar S, Paul MJ, Driscoll S, Knight J, Gray JC, Lawlor DW (1996) The regulation of component processes of photosynthesis in transgenic tobacco with decreased phosphoribulokinase activity. Photosynthesis Research 49,159-167.

95.        Paul MJ, Andralojc PJ, Banks FM, Parry MAJ, Knight JS, Gray JC, Keys AJ (1996) Altered Rubisco activity and amounts of a daytime tight-binding inhibitor in transgenic tobacco expressing limiting amounts of phosphoribulokinase. Journal of Experimental Botany 47, 1963-1966.

96.        Andralojc PJ, Keys AJ, Martindale W, Dawson GW, Parry MAJ (1996) Conversion of D-hamamelose into 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol and 2- carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271, 26803-26809.

97.        Shikanai T, Foyer CH, Dulieu H, Parry MAJ, Yokota A (1996) A point mutation in the gene encoding the Rubisco large subunit interferes with holoenzyme assembly. Plant Molecular Biology 31, 399-403.

98.        Andralojc PJ, Ryan JE, Parry MAJ, Keys AJ (1996) 2-Carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate (CA1P) formation through a phosphate exchange reaction catalysed by the CA1P phosphatase from French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Biochemical Journal 316, 389-393.

99.        Andralojc PJ, Keys AJ, Martindale W, Parry MAJ (1996) Biosynthesis of CA1P. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 111, 342.

100.      Keys AJ, Major I, Parry MAJ (1995) Is there another player in the game of Rubisco regulation. Journal of Experimental Botany 46, 1245-1251.

101.      Parry MAJ, Lawlor DW, Leigh RA (1995) The manipulation of photosynthetic carbon metabolism in crop improvement. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1- 223.

102.      Bainbridge G, Madgwick P, Parmar S, Mitchell R, Paul M, Pitts J, Keys AJ, Parry MAJ (1995) Engineering Rubisco to change its catalytic properties. Journal of Experimental Botany 46, 1269-1276.

103.      Gray JC, Paul MJ, Barnes SA, Knight JS, Loynes A, Habash D, Parry MAJ, Lawlor DW (1995) Manipulation of phosphoribulokinase and phosphate translocator activities in transgenic tobacco plants. Journal of Experimental Botany 46, 1309-1315.

104.      Medrano H, Keys AJ, Lawlor DW, Parry MAJ, Azconbieto J, Delgado E (1995) Improving plant-production by selection For Survival At Low CO₂ concentrations. Journal of Experimental Botany 46, 1389-1396.

105.      Habash DZ, Paul MJ, Parry MAJ, Keys AJ, Lawlor DW (1995) Increased capacity for photosynthesis in wheat grown at elevated CO₂ - the relationship between electron-transport and carbon metabolism. Planta 197, 482-489.

106.      Delgado E, Medrano H, Keys AJ, Parry MAJ (1995) Species variation in Rubisco specificity factor. Journal of Experimental Botany 46, 1775-1777.

107.      Foyer CH, Parry MAJ (1995) The absence of Rubisco activase activity in total wheat leaf extracts is recovered in the purified protein. Journal of Experimental Botany 46, 1055-1060.

108.      Paul MJ, Knight JS, Habash D, Parry MAJ, Lawlor DW, Barnes SA, Loynes A, Gray JC (1995) Reduction in phosphoribulokinase activity by antisense RNA in transgenic tobacco - effect on CO₂ assimilation and growth in low irradiance. Plant Journal 7, 535-542.

109.      Keys AJ, Parry MAJ, Lawlor DW (1994) What controls photosynthesis? Biochemical Society Transactions 22, 1016-1020.

110.      Andralojc PJ, Dawson GW, Parry MAJ, Keys AJ (1994) Incorporation of carbon from photosynthetic products into 2-carboxyarabinitol-1-phosphate and 5-carboxyarabinitol. BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 304, 781-786.

111.      Delgado E, Mitchell RAC, Parry MAJ, Driscoll SP, Mitchell VJ, Lawlor DW (1994) Interacting effects of CO₂ concentration, temperature and nitrogen supply on the photosynthesis and composition of winter-wheat leaves. Plant Cell & Environment 17, 1205-1213.

112.      Foyer CH, Nurmi A, Dulieu H, Parry MAJ (1993) Analysis of 2 Rubisco-deficient tobacco mutants, H and Sp25 - evidence for the production of rubisco large subunits in the sp25 mutant that form clusters and are inactive. Journal of Experimental Botany 44, 1445-1452.

113.      Delgado E, Parry MAJ, Lawlor DW, Keys AJ, Medrano H (1993) Photosynthesis, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and leaf characteristics of nicotiana-tabacum-l genotypes selected by survival at low CO₂ concentrations. Journal of Experimental Botany 44, 1-7.

114.      Parry MAJ, Delgado E, Vadell J, Keys AJ Lawlor DW, Medrano H (1993) Water-stress and the diurnal activity of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase in field-grown Nicotiana tabacum genotypes selected for survival at low CO₂ concentrations. Plant Physiology & Biochemistry 31, 113-120.

115.      Madgwick P, Parmar S, Keys AJ, Parry MAJ (1993) Changing the catalytic properties of cyanobacterial Rubisco. In Protein Engineering 2, Proceedings of the Second AFRC Protein Engineering Conference, (ed P. Goodenough) cpl press, Newbury, UK, pp 24-39.

116.      Delgado E, Parry MAJ, Vadell J, Lawlor DW, Keys AJ, Medrano H (1992) Effect of water-stress on photosynthesis, leaf characteristics and productivity of field-grown Nicotiana tabacum-l genotypes selected for survival at low CO₂. Journal of Experimental Botany 43, 1001-1008.

117.      Kingston-Smith AH, Major I, Parry MAJ, Keys AJ (1992) Purification and properties of a phosphatase in french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) leaves that hydrolyzes 2'-carboxy-d-arabinitol 1-phosphate. Biochemical Journal 287, 821-825.

118.      Parry MAJ, Madgwick P, Parmar S, Cornelius MJ, Keys AJ (1992) Mutations in loop 6 of the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase affect substrate-specificity.Planta 187,109-112.

119.      Kettleborough CA, Parry MAJ, Keys AJ, Phillips AL (1990) Chimeras of the Rubisco large subunit from wheat and Anacystis do not assemble into active enzyme in Escherichia coli. Journal of Experimental Botany 41, 1287-1292.

120.      Pehu E, Nurmi A, Parry MAJ (1990) Variation in net photosynthesis, Rubisco activity and chloroplast ultrastructure among somatic hybrids of Solanum tuberosum and Solanum brevidens. Journal of Experimental Botany 41, 769-774.

121.      Branden R, Keys AJ, Parry MAJ (1990) Rapid kinetics of an N-terminal mutant of cyanobacterial ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1037, 328-331.

122.      Keys AJ, Parry MAJ (1990) Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase and carbonic anhydrase. In Methods of Plant Biochemistry 3 Enzymes of primary metabolism (ed PJ Lea) Academic Press, pp 1-14.

123.      Parry MAJ, Keys AJ, Gutteridge S (1989) Variation in the specificity factor of C-3 higher-plant Rubisco determined by the total consumption of ribulose-P2. Journal of Experimental Botany 40, 317-320.

124.      Parry MAJ, Day W (1988) A comparison of indexes that describe the relationship between exposure to ozone and the reduction in the yield of agricultural crops. Atmospheric Environment. 22, 2057-2058.

125.      Rintamaki E, Keys AJ, Parry MAJ (1988) Comparison of the specific activity of ribulose-1,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase-oxygenase from some C3 and C4 plants. Physiologia Plantarum. 74, 326-331.

126.      Parry MAJ, Keys AJ, Foyer CH, Furbank RT, Walker DA (1988) Regulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity by the activase system in lysed spinach-chloroplasts. Plant Physiology 87, 558-561.

127.      Kettleborough CA, Parry MAJ, Burton S, Gutteridge S, Keys AJ, Phillips AL (1987) The role of the N-terminus of the large subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase investigated by construction and expression of chimaeric genes. European Journal of Biochemistry 170, 335-342.

128.      Phillips AL, Kettleborough CA, Parry MAJ, Burton S, Keys AJ (1987) Studies on structure and function of RuBP carboxylase oxygenase by construction of mutant and chimeric genes. Protein Engineering 1, 257.

129.      Parry MAJ, Schmidt CNG, Cornelius MJ, Millard BN, Burton S, Gutteridge S, Dyer TA, Keys AJ (1987) Variations in properties of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from various species related to differences in amino-acid-sequences. Journal of Experimental Botany 38, 1260-1271.

130.      Servaites JC, Parry MAJ, Gutteridge S, Keys AJ (1986) Species variation in the predawn inhibition of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase. Plant Physiology. 82, 1161-1163.

131.      Gutteridge S, Phillips AL, Kettleborough CA, Parry MAJ, Keys AJ (1986) Expression of bacterial Rubisco genes in Escherichia coli. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 313, 433-445.

132.      Gutteridge S, Parry MAJ, Burton S, Keys AJ, Mudd A, Feeney J, Servaites JC, Pierce J (1986) A nocturnal inhibitor of carboxylation in leaves. Nature, 324, 274-276.

133.      Gutteridge S, Millard BN, Parry MAJ (1986) Inactivation of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase by limited proteolysis - loss of the catalytic activity without disruption of bisphosphate binding or carbamylation. FEBS Letters 196, 263-268.

134.      Parry MAJ, Schmidt CNG, Cornelius MJ, Keys AJ, Millard BN, Gutteridge S (1985) Stimulation of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity by inorganic ortho-phosphate without an increase in bound activating CO₂ - co-operativity between the subunits of the enzyme. Journal of Experimental Botany 36, 1396-1404.

135.      Gutteridge S, Parry MAJ, Schmidt CNG, Feeney J (1984) An investigation of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity by high-resolution H1-NMR. FEBS Letters 170, 355-359.

136.      Schmidt CNG, Gutteridge S, Parry MAJ, Keys AJ (1984) Inactive forms of wheat ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase - conversion from the slowly activating into the rapidly activating form. Biochemical journal 220, 781-785.

137.      Parry MAJ, Schmidt CNG, Gutteridge S (1984) Inhibition of ribulose-p2 carboxylase oxygenase by fluoride. Journal of Experimental Botany 35, 1177-1181.

138.      Parry MAJ, Gutteridge S (1984) The effect of SO32- and SO42- ions on the reactions of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase. Journal of Experimental Botany 35, 157-168.

139.      Parry MAJ, Whittingham CP (1984) Effects of gaseous aerial pollution on stromal reactions. In Gaseous Air Pollutants and Plant Metabolism. (ed M Koziol and FR Whatley) Butterworth Scientific, London, pp 479-480.

140.      Keys AJ, Hall NP, Parry MAJ, Schmidt CNG, Gutteridge S (1984) Interactions of CO₂ and O₂ on D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylation. In Gas Enzymology. (ed H Degn) Reidel Publishing Co, pp 105-126.

141.      Schmidt CNG, Cornelius MJ, Burton S, Parry MAJ, Millard BN, Keys AJ, Gutteridge S (1984) Purified ribulose-P2 carboxylase from wheat with high specific activity and with fast activation. Photosynthesis Research. 5, 47-62.

142.      Parry MAJ, Schmidt CNG, Keys AJ, Gutteridge S (1983) Activation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase by Ca-2+. FEBS Letters 59, 107-111.

143.      Gutteridge S, Parry MAJ, Schmidt CNG (1982) The reactions between active and inactive forms of wheat ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase and effectors. European Journal of Biochemistry 126, 597- 602.

144.      Buckenham AH, Parry MAJ, Whittingham CP (1982) Influence of air pollution on crop growth and yield. In Effects of Gaseous Pollution in Agriculture and Horticulture. (ed DP Ormrod and M Unsworth) Butterworth Scientific, London, pp 479-480.

145.      Buckenham AH, Parry MAJ, Whittingham CP (1982) Effects of aerial pollutants on the growth and yield of spring barley. Annals of Applied Biology 100, 179-187

146.      Buckenham AH, Parry MAJ, Whittingham CP, Young AT (1982) An improved open-topped chamber for pollution studies on crop growth. Environmental Pollution 2, 475-484

147.      Brough A, Parry MAJ, Whittingham CP (1978) The influence of aerial pollution on crop growth. Chemistry & Industry 10.